广东省的生态足迹与可持续发展研究

Study on Ecological Footprint and Sustainable Development in Guangdong Province

采用生态足迹模型对广东省2001年的生态足迹进行了实证计算和分析。结果表明:广东省生态足迹占用已远远超过其生态承载力,人均生态赤字为0.8198hm^2,总人口的生态赤字达6.20×10~7hm^2,表明广东生态系统的压力和强度甚高。造成广东高生态赤字的主要原因是:该省在快速的工业化和城市化进程中,高能源消耗及耕地资源流失量大。尽管广东可利用其经济优势,通过贸易来弥补部分的区域生态承载力不足,但由于当前大部分国家和地区人类对环境的影响已经超过了当地的生态承载力,因此从长远看,广东应主要考虑在不降低人们生活水平的前提下,减少生态足迹的需求,提高地区生态经济系统的发展能力。

The ecological footprint method presents a simple framework for national and natural capital accounting. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, the article calculated and analyzed the ecological footprint of Guangdong Province in 2001. In the case of Guangdong Province, the regional ecological deficit was 0.8198 hm2 per capita., the regional ecological deficit of total population was 6.20 x 107 hm2. The analysis showed the tremendously high intension on ecosystem in Guangdong Province, the reasons of high regional eco logical deficit maybe due to high energy consumption and high arable resource loss, fast industrialization and urbanization. Using economic advantages, Guangdong Province could make up the regional ecological deficit by trading but human being doesn' t stay within the ecosystem loading capacity in majority of countries and regions, so the article pointed out that Guangdong Province should reduce ecological footprint of not reducing living standard as premise and improving de velopment capability of ecosystem.