中国流域综合水管理目标模式研究

Study on Target Model of Integrated Water Management for River Basin in China

流域水问题的跨界外部性特征、流域水环境的复杂大系统特性以及管理成本的优化,要求以流域为单元实施综合水管理。根据流域水管理的这些特性,研究了流域综合水管理目标模式的功能。这些功能为:信息功能,包括信息收集、交流与公示;规划功能,包括专业规划的协调与综合规划的制定;政策功能,包括政策建议、决策与评估、反馈;协调功能,包括利益的均衡与冲突的仲裁;管理直接相关的重大工程项目。按照公众参与原则和效率与公平原则,中国流域综合水管理目标模式的基本框架为:在国家层次,设立国家水管理委员会,在大流域设立独立的全权的流域委员会,在基层采用水务局的模式。

In the context of river basin, the characterstics of inter-regional externality of water issues, the characteristics of complicated macro-system of water environment, and the optimization of administrative cost of water management demonstrate the necessity of implementing integrated water management (IWM) in the unit of river basin. According to these characteristics, the target model of IWM should be provided with functions as follows: information functions, including collecting, communicating and publishing information; planning functions, including harmonizing special plans and preparing integrated plans; policy functions, including advising, decision-making, evaluating and feedback; coordination functions, including equalizing benefit and arbitrating conflicts; and implementing key engineering projects directly. Based on the principle of public participation and principle of efficiency and equity, the basic framework of target model of IWM in China is, to establish a State Water Management Committee and some independent river basin committees in the level of main river basins, and in the level of branches and sub-basin, to establish water board popularized in the world.