空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况的调查

INVESTIGATION OF ACARID MITES ON THE SURFACE OF FILTERS IN AIR-CONDITIONING

目的 调查空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况。 方法 用直接镜检法分离、鉴定采自学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面积尘样本中的粉螨。 结果 共收集空调隔尘网表面积尘 3 60份 ,其粉螨孳生率为 72 .78% (2 62 /3 60 ) ,孳生密度为 (7.68± 3 .43 7)只 /g ;学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面粉螨的孳生率分别为 44 .5 7%(4 1/92 )、78.5 7% (88/112 )、88.5 7% (62 /70 )、82 .5 6% (71/86) ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =2 79.71,P <0 .0 0 1) ;粉螨孳生密度分别为 (2 .5 9± 0 .63 6)只 /g、(7.5 9± 1.762 )只 /g、(10 .2 2± 3 .3 67)只 /g、(8.5 2± 2 .90 8)只 /g ,差异有显著性 (F =82 .94,P<0 .0 0 1) ;3 60份积尘样本直接镜检获螨 2 0 12只 ,隶属 3科 9属 12种 ,其中麦食螨科占 65 .90 % (13 2 6/2 0 12 ) ,包括粉尘螨、屋尘螨、梅氏嗜霉螨 ;食甜螨科占 12 .82 % (2 5 8/2 0 12 ) ,包括隆头食甜螨、隐秘食甜螨、害嗜鳞螨、膝澳食甜螨 ;粉螨科占 2 1.2 7% (4 2 8/2 0 12 ) ,包括粗脚粉螨、小粗脚粉螨、腐食酪螨、椭圆食粉螨、纳氏皱皮螨。 结论 空调隔尘网表面粉螨孳生情况严重 ,空调使用者应重视对空调器的清洁与净化 ,防止或减少粉螨的孳生。

Objective To investigate the breeding situations of acarid mites on the surface of filters in air-conditioning. Methods Dust samples on the surfaces of filters in air-conditioning were collected from schools, restaurants, casinos and hospitals. The acarid mites were separated and identified by direct microscopy. Results The detectable rate of acarid mites in 360 samples was 72.78 %(262/360), and the breeding density was (7.68±3.437) mites/g; The detectable rates of acarid mites in samples collected from schools, restaurants, casinos and hospitals were 44.57%(41/92), 78.57%(88/112), 88.57%(62/70) and 82.56%(71/86) respectively, there was significant difference between them (χ 2 =279.71, P <0.001); The breeding densities of acarid mites in samples collected from the sites as above were (2.59±0.636) mites/g, (7.59±1.762) mites/g, (10.22±3.367) mites/g and (8.52±2.908) mites/g, statistical difference between them was found ( F=82.94,P <0.01). A total of 2 012 acarid mites were acquired, which falls into 3 families, 9 genera, 12 species. Of them, the percentage of Pyroglyphidae cunliffe was 65.90%(1326/2012), including Dermatophagus farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Euroglyphus maynei ; and the percentage of Glycyphagidae berlese was 12.82%(258/2012), including Glycyphagus ornatus, G. privates, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Austroglycyphagus geniculatus ; and that of Acaridae was 21.27% (428/2012), including Acarus siro, A. farris, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Suidasia nesbitti . Conclusion Acarid mites breed seriously on the surfaces of filters in air-conditioning system and harm to the people in the room.