基于偿债基金的助学贷款偿还模式

Mode of Repayment for Student Loan Based on Sinking Fund

我国助学贷款偿还模式一直沿用开办初期的定期等额本息偿还法和定期等额本金偿还法。这两种模式的还款负担率都是前高后低,还贷初期部分还款人的还贷压力过大,还款额固定,缺乏灵活性。本文首提助学贷款偿债基金偿还模式,并在分析其优缺点的基础上,讨论了基于偿债基金的定期等额本金偿还模式、定期等额本息偿还模式和定期等比递增偿还模式。基于偿债基金的定期等额本金偿还模式和定期等额本息偿还模式有较大的灵活性。银行可以通过提高偿债基金的利率和争取国家减免利息税政策来吸引还款人存款和提前还贷,增加了银行的调控手段,有利于降低违约率。这两种模式只需为每位还款人建立一个偿债基金,其他还款政策不变,因此可与现行政策无缝衔接,具有很强的可操作性。理论分析和实例还说明,基于偿债基金的定期等比递增偿还模式所具有的前述优点更加明显,而且还可以通过选择还款额按期递增的比率来调整各期的还款负担率,使得各期还款负担相对均衡,或者达到"还贷初期略低,后期略高"的理想状态。对个人收入不够透明的发展中国家,该方法可操作性强,违约率低,又具有较高的灵活性,可以达到或接近按收入比例还款法的效果。

The traditional repayment methods of students ’ loan are still applied nowadays by Chinese Government, namely, the method of equal repayment in each term of the partial sum of the principal and interest, and the method of equal repayment in each term of the partial amount of loan principal itself. The borrowers have the greatest pressure at the very time when they begin to repay, since the burden rates reduce gradually in both cases. There is no flexibility in that the borrowers have to pay each term a fixed amount of money.This paper introduces a new method of establishing a repayment fund and analyze it ’s the merits and defects. Furthermore, it also discuss the modes of equal repayment in each of the partial sum of the principal plus interest, equal repayment in each term of the partial amount of loan principal itself, and increasing repay-ment with a fixed ratio, which are all based on the repayment fund. The first two modes mentioned above can offer more flexibility for both the creditors and debtors, since the banks can encourage the action of saving and earlier repayment of the loan by the rising deposit interest rate of the fund, thus it can enhance the bank ’s control of situations and can lower the violation rate of the loan repayment. Moreover, they go seamless well with the current policy and have very strong operability, because only a repayment fund is needed for every borrower. Theoretical analyses reveal that the concrete increasing rate burden repayment method has extra advantages in giving the debt-or the right of choosing the burden rate to balance the repayment burden according to the ability of the borrowers, which can arrive at a desirable situation with a low repayment burden at period-beginning and high one at the period-ending. Therefore, the violation rate of the loan can be lowered obviously by changing the repayment mode ruled by the banks. As a result, the method of increasing burden rate based on repayment fund is suitable for the develop-ing country in that the citizen ’s income is a bit more uncertain, because of its strong operability and flexibility.