贫困的理想:流动儿童职业期望的惯习形塑

Ideals of People in Poverty:Habitus-shaping of Migrant Children's Occupational Expectation

职业期望,作为流动儿童精神世界的一部分,是理解其底层生存状态及社会地位"再生产"的重要"窗口"。该文抽取N市外来工子弟学校和城市重点小学各一个班级,采用文本分析法,对其职业期望进行了对比研究。经对比发现,城市中上阶层儿童的职业期望表现出目标类型多样、图景清晰、实现计划具体以及动机重游戏性等特征;相较而言,流动儿童的职业期望则显现出目标类型单一、图景模糊、实现计划笼统以及动机重实用性等特征。流动儿童职业期望的这些特征受其所处社会阶层的惯习力量所形塑,并将影响他们的行为,进一步巩固其底层位置。

As a part of migrant children's inner world, expectation of occupation is a very important'window' to understand the living state of the migrant children on the bottom of society. This paper, sampling two classes from a school of migrant children and a key school in city N, adopting text analysis, contrasted their expectations of occupation. By this, it was found that the expectations of occupation of the children in upper class in city present the fol features that the target types are varied, the prospects are clear, the plans of realization are specific,and the motivations linking with recreation. By contrast, the expectations of occupation of the migrant children present the following features that the target types are sole, the prospects are vague, the plans of realization are general,and the motivations are instrumental. These features of the expectations of occupation of the migrant children are shaped by their habits, and will influence the behavior of the migrant children, and as the result will consolidate their position in the bottom of society.