理想导向政策,抑或蓝海战略?——民办高职办学形式创新政策的可行性与路径选择探析

Ideal Orientated Policy, or Blue Ocean Strategy?——Analysis of Feasibility of Innovative Policy of Running Forms of Private Higher Vocational Education and Path Choices

国务院《关于大力发展现代职业教育的决定》对创新民办职业教育办学形式在政策上有新的突破,但相关政策具体到现实中又很笼统、模糊,难以操作,甚至相互矛盾。那么,对民办高职而言,相关政策究竟是种理想宣示呢,或是提供了一种蓝海战略呢?作者指出,如果将视野局限在全日制学历教育的非营利民办高职院校的增量发展上,相关政策则具有典型的理想导向,将会窒碍难行,可能会重蹈独立学院政策之覆辙;如果打破我国高等职业教育对学生资格、办学资格、教育类型、教育形式、教育经费等元素的武断划分和组合,把学历教育对象扩大到在职人员,把从事学历教育的主体扩展到营利性学校或机构等,则有可能激发非全日制学历教育的营利性院校涌现,使相关政策真正成为发展高职教育的蓝海战略。文章从我国民办高职教育发展的历史、现实、潜力以及相应的财税治理框架等方面讨论了民办高职办学形式创新政策的可行性与路径选择问题。

The Decision of the State Council on the Development of Modern Vocational Education has many innovations in forms of private vocational education, but there are many difficulties in policy implementation because the policy language is very ambiguous and the details are vague. Whether are the policies the expression of good idea or the blue ocean strategy for private higher vocational education depends on policy interpretation.If the policy focus is limited to the increase of the number of fulltime nonprofit private higher vocational college,the policies will be only ideal orientated, and could not be carried out successfully. However, if the higher vocational educational elements,such as student qualification, college qualification, education types, education forms and education finance could be rearranged, and the students could include the persons who have jobs and the college could include for-profit institutions, the number of part-time, private for-profit college or institutions will increase quickly and the policies will be the blue ocean strategy for the private higher vocational education.Finally, the article discusses the feasibility of the policies and path choice in history and reality of private higher vocational education and financial framework.