哲学思维方式变革视域下知识与经验的关系新探——从“实体思维”到“关系思维”

On Relationship between Knowledge and Experience from Field of vision of Transformation in Philosophical Thinking Way——from physical thinking to Rerational Thinking

知识与经验的关系是课程教学研究必须直面的课题。长期以来,人们从实体思维方式的角度出发,认为二者是分离的关系,即认为课程的本质是学科知识,或者认为课程的本质是学生个体经验。当代的哲学思维方式正由实体思维变革为关系思维。从关系思维方式来看,知识与经验构成一组融合、互补的关系,二者皆为课程教学的基本要素。知识与经验走向融合的路径主要包括:建构均衡的课程体系;设置整合的课程目标;采取综合的教学方式;运用多样的评价方法。

The relationship between knowledge and experience is the issue peple must face in curriculum and teaching research. For a long time, people thought from the perspective of physical thinking that knowledge and experience were detached: nature of curriculum was academic knowledge, or nature of curriculum was learners' individual experience. The way of contemporary philosophical thinking is being changed from physical thinking to relational thinking. From the perspective of relational thinking, knowledge and experience constitute a kind of integrated and complementary relationship, and they are elements of curriculum and teaching. The path of reconciling knowledge with experience include: balancing the structure of curriculum, integrating the goals of curriculum, synthesizing the modes of teaching, diversifying the methods of evaluation and so on.