扩招后我国高等教育科类结构的多维度分析

Characteristics and Changes of Discipline and Specialty Structure of Higher Education after China's College Expansion

科类结构是高等教育宏观结构的基础性组成部分,文章着重研究扩招后我国高等教育科类结构的变动情况。在分析了不同学科门类的在校生数、学科设置种类和布点数以及不同院校类型的学校数、规模的变化趋势和现状的基础上,进而分析了科类结构与产业结构之间的关系。研究发现:我国高等教育在学生规模增大的情况下,出现了各学科发展不均衡、高等教育多样性减少、趋同性增加等问题,扩招后经济管理类学科的设置和规模不断增加、文理科比例趋于均衡、应用学科比例增加、综合性大学的比例和规模扩大,高等教育科类结构与产业结构之间存在较强的相关关系。

Discipline and specialty structure is the basic part of macro structure of higher education. This paper has studied the changes of the disciplinary structure after the expansion of colleges in China. It first analyzes the changing trend and current status of disciplinary structure,including numbers of students,specialities and educational programmes in different discipline,and the scale and quantity of different types of colleges. Then it analyzes the correlation between disciplinary structure and industrial structure. The main features of disciplinary structure are that after the expansion of student scale,the development between different disciplines is not balanced; the diversity fo higher education has reduced and convergence has increased; the size of economics and management disciplines has expanded; arts and sciences are being balanced; the proportion of applicative subjects has increased; the proportion and scale of comprehensive universities has increased. The correlation between disciplinary structure and industrial structure is significant.