国内外满语时体研究回顾

Review of the Research on Tense and Aspect of Manchu

时体研究一直以来都是国内外学界研究的热点问题之一。早期的满语研究比较关注时范畴,并将满语看成是以时对立为中心的语言;体范畴的研究相对来说起步较晚,最早将满语时和体进行区分的研究可追溯到20世纪中期西方学者Avrorin的一篇论文。国内外满语时体的主要研究大致可以分为三个阶段:一是18世纪初期在满语仍然活跃时期由满洲人所撰的语法书,是以当时汉语视角来描述满语;二是以Verbiest等为代表的以时对立为中心的研究;三是从Avrorin开始出现的以体对立为中心的研究趋势。回顾发现,满语是时范畴和体范畴并存的语言,二者缺一不可,时对立和体对立共同构成满语重要的语法范畴。

Early Manchu studies focused on the tense category and regarded Manchu as a language centered on the opposition of tenses.The differentiation of the tense and aspect of Manchu can be traced back to a paper by Avrorin,a western scholar in the middle of the 20 th century.Research on the tense and aspect of Manchu experiences three stages as follows:grammar books written by Manchurians in the early 18 th century when Manchu was still active;study of the tense opposition represented by Verbiest;exploration of aspect opposition conducted first by Avrorin.The review proves that Manchu is a language in which tense and aspect are indispensable and coexist.The oppositions of tense and aspect together form an important grammatical category of Manchu.