“大和战舰”的话语修辞与日本国民记忆构建

The Discourse Rhetoric of “the Super-battleship YAMATO” and the Construction of Japan’s National Memory

战后70余年里,"大和战舰"被历史文本、文学文本、各种艺术媒介多方讲述,形成了关于"大和战舰"的话语系列,其中呈现出两种范式,即凸显日本文化优越性的"技术大和"与粉饰民族之不屈精神的"悲情英雄大和"。这两种范式在21世纪的消费文化和亚文化的包装下不断衍生并被多媒介传播,其主导趋向是祛除侵略暴行、强化被害者意识、颂扬"玉碎"精神、强调技术至上,实则是日本国民关于战争的集体记忆的一种折射,其刻意选择与扭曲的话语修辞实现了"去历史化",将之泛化为具有表征"民族生存"意味的文化符号。"大和战舰"的话语修辞衍变过程既展示了"大和战舰"内化为日本国民记忆的漫长过程,也呈现了战后日本扭曲的战争观念和错误的历史认知的演变轨迹。

'The Super-battleship YAMATO'discourse formed gradually during the 70 years after World War II has shown two patterns:'the technology of YAMATO',which highlights the superiority of Japanese culture and techniques,and'the tragic heroism of YAMATO'celebrating the spirit of'gyokusai'(the broken jade).The spread of the two patterns via multimedia in the 21 st century reflects the collective memory in Japan,and meanwhile the deliberately chosen and twisted rhetoric realizes'the dehistoricalization'by generalizing a cultural symbol of'the nation survival'.The evolution of the discourse rhetoric not only indicates the internalization of Japan’s memory of'the Super-battleship YAMATO',but also records the traces of its twisted viewpoints on the War and false perception of history.