从心、性、理三者的关系看朱陆心性思想的异同

The Similarities and Differences between Zhu Xi and Lu Xiang-shan:Studied from Xin,Xing and Li

朱陆心性思想的分歧,主要表现为二儒对心、性、理这三个概念的理解不同。在朱子看来,心是知觉之灵,统主性情,而性只是天理,心体与性体、理体是不同的。而在象山看来,心体、理体和性体都是一般物事,只不过是相对于不同的对象名称不同罢了。但是,二儒又都主张心性与天理的贯通,通过心性对天理的上达,儒家的"仁学"获得了形上学支撑,而通过天理对心性的下贯,儒家的"仁学"又显示出了强烈的内在主体性格。

The discrepancy between Zhu Xi and Lu Xiang-shan is that they had different understanding on the concept of Xin,Xing and Li. Zhu Xi insisted that Xin was equal to consciousness and it dominated Xing and Qing. But Xing was no other than Li,which were different from Xin. While,in the theory of Lu Xiang-shan,Xin,Xing and Li were the same thing from different aspects. However,they both agreed that Xin,Xing and Li were interconnected. Because of the interconnection of Xin,Xing and Li,Confucianism not only get the metaphysical support but also show the characteristic of inner subjectivity.