关于遗产保护主体的思考

Consideration of the Owner of Heritage and the Executor of Heritage Protection

遗产,尤其是人类创造和遗留的文化遗产,其权益主体和保护主体是关系价值认知、保护伦理和保护行为的遗产保护学的基本问题之一。遗产在不断增加和演变的同时,其权益主体也从个体扩展向群体演变,国家政府乃至于国际组织在遗产保护中有了越来越多的话语权。然而,多样化的遗产权益主体必然导致遗产保护主体的多样化,强调对少数及边缘族群文化主体话语权的关注,也就成为一种趋势。不同文化传统和不同社会制度的国家,其遗产权益的主体有所不同,个人、社群和政府在遗产保护中的角色和作用也有差异。在中国的遗产保护实践中,政府以外的社区自我的培养以及各种力量良性的互动关系,都还需要在实践中进行探索。

Heritage, especially cultural heritages created and inherited by mankind, its owner's equity and subject of protection is one of the fundamental issues that is associated with value perception, the behavior of protection and the ethics of protection. As heritages keep on evolving and increasing, its owner's equity spreads from individuals to groups. State governments and international organizations start to play increasingly important roles in matters of heritage conservation. However, as owner's equity diversified, the subject of protection of cultural conservation will also be diversified, thus emphasizing voices of minorities has become a trend. In states with different culture and different social institutions, owner's equity is also different. Moreover, the roles of individuals, communities, and government are also different. In the application of cultural conversation in China, the interaction and cooperation among nongovernmental communities need to be further studied in the practice process.