社会学视野下的传统村落——以贵州塘都为例

A Sociological Understanding of Traditional Village: The Case of Tangdu Village in Guizhou——Take Guizhou Tangdu Village as an Example

传统村落衰落的一个主要原因和表现是人口流失,进而直接导致了村落文化遗产传承的困境。要认识这一现象,不能简单以"保护意识不够"去解读,而是应跳出"文化遗产中心观"的局限,站在更加宏观的视野中去理解人口流失的原因。通过对贵州塘都村传统手工艺现状的田野调查,以社会学的视角,分析基本经济社会生活数据,呈现遗产传承背后涉及的生计、公共服务等问题。传统村落文化遗产保护本身并不是终点,而是为解决更广义上的三农问题提供一种途径,保护传统村落不仅要面向文化的保护,更是为维系农业生产和农村生活的基本秩序。

The decline of traditional villages could be accounted for by population decrease, which has directly caused challenges to cultural heritage. To know this trend better, however, we should avoid simply criticizing theww'lack of preservation awareness.'Instead, a broader perspective is needed. At sociological aspect, the study examines traditional craftsmanship in Tangdu, Guizhou province. We aim to explore the structural problems such as livelihood and public service in rural life, in order to provide a useful approach to heritage preservation from the angle of agricultural economy. We suggest that cultural heritage preservation in traditional villages should be placed beyond culture protect, but be regarded as a means for sustainable social life and order in rural areas.