私有不可移动文物的现实占有人权益研究——以文物的公共性渊源为视角

Equity of the Actual Occupant onto Non-movable Cultural Relics——From the Perspective on the Genesis of Publicity in Cultural Relics

文物记录着过去民族曾经的一切,承载着现生族民的共同精神泉源,是所有现生族民的共同利益。泉源需要维生,文物得以保护,现生人群的精神才能生生不息。然而,维生过程中的限制私权以保证公共文化权,是一种以"不公平的手段"达到"正义的目的"的简单执法,还是精神维生的必要之恶?公众对这样限制私权有合理的怀疑,要解答它,不能不从文化权的渊源追溯起。该文透过文化遗产之公共性的法律渊源,探讨这种"倾斜"的缘由,同时借由其他国家的相关实证经验,呈现一个更加清晰的文化遗产的公共性与宪法文化人权的私有性"竞合"之根源,最后剖析我国私人财产社会化的衡平机制。

For as much Cultural relics has a common interest for living people, which records the physical stuff and undertake the spiritual source of our ancestor, the source need to sustain and the relics should be protect. But is the restriction of the private rights that ensure public cultural rights with the living process, an asperity resolution by fair means of foul, or a necessary evil for the spiritual surviing? The public has a reasonable suspicion of such restrictions. To answer it, someone need to dig into the origins of cultural right. This article explores the course of the shield by going through the genesis of publicity in cultural heritage, and with the practical experiences by other country, to represent a sharpen origins on concurrence between the genesis of publicity in cultural heritage and the Private in cultural right with constitution, and then analyze the balance mechanism of private property socialization in china.