试论埃及和伊朗国族主义(民族主义)(1900—1980)

On Egyptian and Iranian State-Nationalism (1900-1980)

作为民族主义一种表现形态的"国族主义"在中东的埃及和伊朗颇具典型性。埃及和伊朗作为中东地区"具有历史渊源的民族",其国族主义有其存在的历史基础、文化积淀和政治环境,两国的国族主义的发展有其共性和特性。就国族主义的演变轨迹来说,两国在共同经历了自由主义民族主义之后,便分别走向了具有本国特色的民族发展之路:埃及走向纳赛尔主义,随之进入埃及民族主义的回归期,伊朗则迈向君主制民族主义及后来的伊斯兰民族主义。

As a branch of nationalism, State-nationalism is typical in Egypt and Iran. Egypt and Iran are nations who actually share the same origin in history. The nationalism exists in these two countries based on their historical background, cultural and political environment. The development of nationalism in these two countries has something in common while there are more differences between them. From aspect of their historical background, Egypt and Iran started developing their own nationalism after they made joint efforts in struggle of independence. Egypt’s nationalism moved from "Nesserism"to a "return", while Iran’s nationalism is featured first by"monarchy", then by Islamic Chauvinism. .