12世纪初东亚政治格局的重塑与再造——以女真崛起为中心

Rebuilding the Political Pattern of the East Asia in the Early 12th Century——Focusing on the rising of Nuchen

12世纪初,女真族异军突起,先后灭掉辽和北宋,并迫使高丽朝贡称臣,在东亚大陆构建起以金为中心的国际政治新秩序。由金、南宋、高丽三方结成的关系网络中,金军事实力最强,且最具攻击性;高丽为求自保,对金称臣纳贡;南宋偏安一隅,苟且偷安,无意进取。东亚局势的变化,使南宋对高丽充满疑虑与防范意识,对高丽的政策也愈益趋于保守,宋丽关系渐行渐远,最终于宋孝宗隆兴二年(1164年)断绝官方外交往来,东亚三国博弈的地区局势遂告终结。

In the early 12th century,Nuchen came to the fore abruptly and soon exterminated the Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty successively and then conquered Korea and forced it to present tribute,thus establishing a new international political order in the East Asian continent with Jin being the core. Among Jin,Song and Korea,Jin’s army was the strongest and the most aggressive. Korea gave in to preserve itself while the Southern Song Dynasty was content to exercise sovereignty over only part of the country to seek a moment’s peace,having no intention of doing anything. In such a situation the Southern Song Dynasty was imbued with misgivings and took a strict precaution against Korea and the policy of Korea became more and more conservative. The two countries were getting increasingly estranged from each other and in the 2nd year of Longxing of Southern Song Dynasty (1164),they stopped diplomatic contact. And then the three-country game in the East Asia came to an end.