民国大变局中私立大学发展原因探析

Cause Analysis On the Development of Private Education in the Changing Era of the Republic of China

20世纪上半叶的中国,正逢三千年未有之大变局,在战乱频仍,各种新旧思潮激烈冲突与碰撞之际,私人办学却成雨后春笋之势,不但出现了一大批成功的私人大学,还培育出了复旦大学、南开大学、厦门大学等享誉全国并影响深远的一流大学。本文试从民国大变局中私立大学发展的外部原因——政府在立法、物质和社会地位方面的政策支持;内部原因——校长的自强不息和企业家头脑、员工的爱校如家和甘于奉献、经费来源的多元化、课程设置的灵活化等方面,作一初步探析,以期为当前民办高校的发展提供借鉴。

In the first half of the 20 th century, China had met with the big change in three thousand years history, with many warlords fighting with each other, and all kinds of old and new trends of schools in intense conflict and collision, private education, however,had a spring up, not only appeared a large number of successful private universities, but also produced the first class universities populated among the nation such as the Fudan university, Nankai university, and Xiamen university, etc. This article tries to explore the external causes, the policy support of the government in the aspect of legislation, material and social status, and the internal causes, the unyielding efforts and entrepreneur mind of the president, the love for the school as their own home by the dedicated staff, as well as the diversification of funding sources, and flexible aspects of curriculum in order to provide reference for the development of the private colleges and universities.