中国现代汉语规范化的历史与现状

On the modern Chinese language standardization in China

本文全面梳理了:(1)规范现代汉语的标准语和推广普通话;(2)汉字改革和汉字规范;(3)推行《汉语拼音方案》;(4)推进和实现汉语文信息处理为主要内容的现代汉语规范化的历史进程和成就。并就现代汉语规范化的三个问题开展初步的讨论:(1)现代汉语规范化与历史上的雅言、通语以及官话等汉语共同语有一定的继承关系,但是却包含了更多否定传统、主张革新的内容;(2)现代汉语规范化主要是规范汉字而非规范汉语,这与汉语特殊的书写形式——汉字和书面汉语有关;(3)现代汉语的规范之所以进展缓慢,是受制于现代汉语本身的创新特点,即汉语的西化或欧化倾向,因此目前还不能提出现代汉语本体(主要是词汇和语法)规范的成熟方案。

After presenting the historical process and achievement of modern Chinese standardization featuring Chinese standardization and Putonghua promotion,innovation and standardization of Chinese characters,implementation of Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet,carrying forward of Chinese information processing,this paper states that modern Chinese standardization means more innovation than heritage from historical common languages in China,that modem Chinese standardization centers on Chinese characters rather than the Chinese language,and that the slow progress of modern Chinese language standardization results from the innovation characteristics of Chinese itself.