国际民航组织无线电地空通话语言规划及其启示

Language Planning for Radiotelephony Communication Constructed by InternationalCivil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) and Its Implications

民航业是高风险的国际化行业,受社会高度关注,其中国际航线上的无线电地空通话是空中的飞行员与管制中心的空管员交流的主要方式,直接关系到飞行安全,是语言规划的关键领域。国际民航组织(ICAO)专门为国际航线上的民航无线电通信建设了语言规划体系,制定了统一的标准规范,并采取了一系列措施在成员国内推行。对ICAO主导的这一关乎生死的关键领域语言规划制定及执行机制,用语言意识形态、语言实践和语言管理的三维框架考察,结果表明ICAO成功地为国际航线上的飞行员及空管员的职业话语社区制定语言规划,得益于其在语言意识形态中提供了冲突与调试的话语空间,尊重地空通话语言实践中的标准规范与动态灵活;在语言管理的过程中保持科学体系与弹性机制间的平衡。目前我国民航地空通话遇到层出不穷的新问题,ICAO的民航语言规划机制,可作为我国该领域语言规划研究和实践的借鉴。

Civil aviation as a high-stake industry draws wide public concern.The radiotelephony communication between the pilots and Air Traffic Controllers(ATCs)is directly related to flight safety,and is the key area for language planning.International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)developed and implemented the language planning for radiotelephony communication between the pilots and air traffic controllers in international airlines by standardizing language uses.Research on this language planning shows that ICAO owes its success to the discursive space for language conflict and accommodation in language ideology,the respect for the need for standardization and flexibility in language practice,and the balance between scientific system and dynamic mechanism in language management.The radiotelephony communication in Chinese civil aviation faces many new problems today.The language planning formulation and operation developed by ICAO can shed some light on the research and practice of the language planning in China.