文化认同视域下的美、法、欧盟语言政策规划研究

A Study on the Language Policies and Planning in the US,France and the EU in Cultural Identity Perspectives

本文以文化认同为切入点,深刻解析了文化认同、政治认同、民族认同、国家认同的内涵以及彼此之间的关系,剖析了语言政策对于文化认同、民族认同和国家认同的作用与意义,并以美、法、欧盟为例,具体分析了这三个历史发展、民族构成、经济水平不同的国家和超国家政治联盟所采取的语言政策,着力研究了美、法、欧盟所处的世界局势、国家情况、民族背景和语言政策规划与实施的横向关系,以及语言政策规划的纵向发展。文章认为尽管语言政策规划实施具体形式大相径庭,但其实质还是依据不同的政治、经济、社会发展的具体情况,通过加强文化认同、民族认同,最终达到国家(或超国家政治联盟,如欧盟)认同。

Taking cultural identity as the pivot for the entry into the analysis on the essences of and the relations among cultural identity,political identity,ethno-cultural identity and national identity,this article illustrates the implication and significance of language policy for cultural identity,ethno-cultural identity and national identity.This article demonstrates the development of the language policies in the US,France and the EU which enjoy different histories,ethnic groups and economic development levels,highlighting the relations between their language policies and the specific international climates,domestic situations and ethnic backgrounds,and laying emphasis on the historical development of their language policies.This article asserts that in spite of the diversity in the language policies conducted,the essential purpose of language policy is,given specific political,economic and social situations,to enhance cultural identity,ethno-cultural identity and ultimately national identity(or union identity in the EU).