优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员严重膝关节损伤的特征：基于11名中国国家队运动员的研究

Knee Injury in Elite Freestyle Skiing Aerials Athletes: An Epidemiological study of 11 Skiers in China National Team

目的:描述空中技巧运动员严重膝关节损伤的特征,探讨膝关节损伤的可能机制,分析运动员术前及术后的临床评分、术后恢复和重返运动情况。方法:分析自2008年1月至2017年12月之间,因膝关节损伤入院手术治疗的11名空中技巧运动员,从病历记录中获取患者基本信息、受伤原因;镜下发现、手术步骤;术前Tegner活动水平评分、Lysholm评分和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)主观评分等。对其中4名患者进行了随访,记录其术后临床评分、重返运动时间、空中动作的最高难度和高水平比赛的最好成绩,并与术前水平进行了比较。结果:本研究共纳入了8名女性、3名男性,均为急性伤。大多数损伤是由试跳或比赛时着陆失误所致。在这些需要手术治疗的膝关节损伤中,前交叉韧带撕裂(n=9,81.8%)和软骨损伤(n=10,90.9%)占绝大多数。90.9%的患者为合并损伤。4名运动员接受了电话随访,术后Tegner活动水平评分、Lysholm评分和IKDC主观评分较术前明显改善,平均回归运动时间为10个月,康复后都能完成2周台最高难度动作,并均在国内及国际高水平比赛中取得了优秀成绩。结论:空中技巧运动员中需要手术治疗的膝关节损伤通常累及主要韧带结构,且经常合并软骨损伤。获得随访的患者术后康复和重返运动情况令人满意。

Objective To describe the knee injury of aerial athletes,explore the potential factors of injury,and analyze their pre-and postoperative clinical scores as well as their postoperative recovery and return to sports.Methods We studied 11 aerial athletes admitted for knee surgery between January 2008 and December 2017.Their demographic information,cause of injury,arthroscopic findings,surgical procedure and preoperative Tegner,Lysholm and International Knee Documentary Committee(IKDC)subjective score were collected.Four patients were followed up,and their postoperative clinical score,return-to-sport time,highest degree of difficulty they can perform and their best place in high-level competitions were collected and compared with those before the surgery.Results Eight females and 3 males were included in this study,all suffered from acute knee injury,most of which were caused by landing failure in tryout training or competitions.The anterior cruciate ligament tear(n=9,81.8%)and cartilage(n=10,90.9%)injury accounted for most of the injury.Most patients were of combined injuries(90.9%).For the 4 athletes followed up,their postoperative Tegner activity level,Lysholm score and IKDC subjective score improved significantly compared with those before their operation.The average return-to-sport time was 10 months.They all could accomplish 2 somersault maneuver with the highest degree of difficulty and won good place in national and international high-level competition after the surgery.Conclusion The knee injury of aerials athletes requiring surgical treatment commonly affect major ligamentous structure and often accompanied with the cartilage injury.Postoperative recovery and return to sports are satisfying among those followed up.