莫迪政府“印度制造”——效果评析与前景展望

“Make in India” Initiative: Evaluation and Prospect

印度总理莫迪上台后,推出雄心勃勃的"印度制造"计划,立志将印度打造成全球制造业中心。这一计划以市场化、自由化为主导思想,以扩大对外开放、吸引外资为核心思路,包含莫迪政府快速拉动制造业增长、创造就业岗位两大执政诉求。过去两年内,印度制造业上升趋势明显,但易受到突发事件冲击。长期来看,"印度制造"拥有全球价值链调整、国内宏观经济向好、印人党占多数地位等利好条件,但同时也面临国际市场供需失衡、逆全球化、制造业就业创造能力下降、印本国高增长根基不稳等挑战。

Prime Minister Modi has proposed a grand initiative named'Make in India'shortly after he assumed the position,with the intention to make India a global manufacturing hub.Market economy and liberalization are the inner logic of this ambitious plan,which pursues opening up policy and aims at attracting more investment into India's manufacturing.Indian government wants to bring about speedy growth of the manufacturing industry and create large-scale jobs through this initiative.As a result,India's manufacturing has expanded during the past 2 years,yet it could easily be influenced by external factors.From the long-term perspective,this'Make in India'initiative enjoys multiple opportunities,including the readjustment of global value chain,the improvement of Indian macroeconomic situation and the majority status of BJP.In the meantime,it also faces challenges such as the serious imbalance of global economy,the resurgent anti-globalization movement and the decreasing job-creating capacity of manufacturing enterprises.In addition,at present the foundation of Indian high-growing economy is not solid enough to provide long-lasting support for the growth of its manufacturing industry.