“一带一路”倡议在南亚:进展、挑战及未来

The “Belt and Road” Initiative in South Asia: Progress,Challenges and Recommendations

南亚地区是中国"一带一路"倡议的交汇区和先行区。在"一带一路"框架下,南亚逐步形成了以中巴经济走廊、孟中印缅经济走廊、中国-尼泊尔跨喜马拉雅通道建设、中国与孟加拉国、斯里兰卡和马尔代夫的海上互联互通为四大载体,以港口、路桥、产业园区、政策沟通、民心相通为支撑的多方合作共建格局。"一带一路"倡议在南亚主要面临相关国家政局不稳、暴恐极端势力泛滥、域内大国掣肘、域外反华势力干扰等挑战。未来,中国在南亚推进"一带一路"倡议时,需更充分预估沿线国的政治风险及运营风险,践行共商、共建、共享原则,强化与有关方的磨合和对接,与地区大国良性沟通与竞赛,与当地社区和民众打成一片,循序渐进,行稳致远。

South Asia is the intersection area and pilot area for the Chinese initiatives of'the Silk Road Economic Belt'and'the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road'.In the framework of the'Belt and Road'initiative,China and South Asian neighbors have gradually formulated four platforms for connectivity cooperation:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC),Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar(BCIM)Economic Corridor,Trans-Himalayan Connectivity,and Maritime Cooperation among China,Bangladesh,Sri Lanka and the Maldives.Cooperation covers fields and sectors such as ports construction,roads building,bridges building,industrial parks,policy communication,strategy consultation,and people-to-people exchanges.In South Asian countries and the Indian Ocean region,the'Belt and Road'initiative faces some risks and challenges including political instability and volatility,violent extremism and terrorist attacks,and geopolitical battle among major powers.In the foreseeable future,China should be more alert to the political risks and continue to practice'the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration'when implementing the Initiative.China should also strengthen mutual adaptation and strategy synergy with all relevant parties.While gradually moving forwarding the Initiative in South Asia,China should particularly be actively engaging with the local communities.