高温与汗液中的微量元素

High Temperature and Trace Elements in Sweat

综述了人在热环境下汗液中微量元素的流失情况．汗液中流失的微量元素各家报告不一。汗Ｆｅ浓度２２．５μｇ／至１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ．每天汗中失Ｆｅ量为０．３３～１４ｍｇ．热习服后汗Ｆｅ浓度明显降低，但防化锻炼热习服后，由于出汗量显著增加，每小时汗Ｆｅ丢失量反而增加３．３％．汗Ｃｕ浓度２９～１５３２μｇ／Ｌ．每天汗中失Ｃｕ量为０．３～４．７ｍｇ．热习服过程中，每天汗Ｃｕ丢失量逐渐减少，热习服后较初期可减少２２％～４６％．汗Ｚｎ浓度１８１μｇ／Ｌ～２．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ．热体力活动时，每天汗Ｚｎ丢失量为２．１６～１７．２４ｍｇ，热习服过程中汗Ｚｎ丢失量不减少．但防化锻炼热习服后，汗Ｚｎ浓度增高１３．６％；而步兵夏季训练热习服后，汗Ｚｎ损失可减少２８．４％．汗液中其它无机元素浓度：Ｍｎ３．１～２５．７、Ｃｒ２．１５、Ｃｏ３．１５、Ｍｏ０．０６４、Ｎｉ１３．４（２～２９３）、Ｖ２６．６、Ｉ３７．０、Ｓｒ７７．９、Ｂ１３１、Ｔｉ１７．１、ＡＩ１５．０、Ｃｄ１．４０～２．５１、Ｐｂ４１～２３２μｇ／Ｌ，Ｃａ和Ｍｇ分别为５４．２和８．８６ｍｇ／Ｌ．每天汗液中其它微量元素排泄量：Ｍｎ３９、Ｃｏ４～８、Ｃｒ１、Ｍｏ０．０６１、Ｎｉ２０～８５、?

This paper summarized the loss of trace elements in sweat from persons under hot environment.There were some different reports about the concentration and amount of trace elements lost in sweat. Sweat iron concentration was from 22.5μg/L to 1-3 mg/L.The daily amount of iron lost was 0.33- 14 mg.Sweat iron concentration reduced significantly after heat acclimatization. Because the sweat volume increased markedly,so the amount of iron lost hourly increased by 3.3% after heat acclimatization by antichemical training.Sweat copper concentration was from 29 to 1532μg/L. The daily amount of copper lost was 0. 3～4. 7mg, and reduced with the development of heat acclimatization. It could lessen by 22%～46%as compared with the initial period after acclimatization. Sweat zinc concentration was from 181μg/L to 2.88 mg/L. The daily amount of zinc lost was 2.16 to 17. 24 mg during work in the heat,and could not lessen at the course of heat acclimatization. However,after heat acclimatization by antichemical training, sweat zinc concentration increased by 13.6%,while sweat zinc concentration reduced by 28. 4% after heat acclimatization by summer's exercises in infantryman. Sweat concentration of other's inorganic elements:Mn 3.1～25. 7, Cr 2. 15,Co 3. 15, Mo 0. 064, Ni 13. 4(2 ～293), V 26. 6, I 37. 0, Sr 77.9,B 131,Ti 7.1, Al 15.0,Cd 1. 40～2. 51, Ph 41～232μg/L, and Cu 54. 2, Mg 8. 86 mg/L,respectively.The daily output of other's trace elements in sweat:Mn 39, Co 4～18,Cr 1, Mo 0.061,Ni 20～815, I 6～20, Se 20,F 150, Sr 240～960 μg.These inorganic elements in sweat could lessen after heat acclimatization.Such as sweat manganese concentration reduced by 29. 9% after heat acclimatization by cross-country race training in the heat.