摘要
为了解交通警察职业危害因素及其健康状况，我们连续２年春秋季节，对某市四个交通路口进行环境监测，并对交警（外勤警占６５．７６％）进行健康监护。环境测定显示：车流量平均１４１３辆／时，噪声Ｌｅｑ日均值８４．６３ｄＢ（Ａ），超过国家建议标准２０．８９％；飘尘浓度、一氧化碳、氮氧化物及铅尘含量等，各测点均超过大气环境质量三级标准，平均超标１．２９倍。６９．８％的交警认为车流噪声和交通废气是危及健康的主要因素，体检结果表明：肌肉骨骼疾患、高血压、听力损伤及碳氧血红蛋白含量超标的检出率，外勤警均明显高于内勤警；血铅均值和平均听阈，交警均显著高于对照组，外勤警发生高频听力损伤的概率是对照人群的１．９７倍，显示职业因素已对交警健康构成影响。
The health risk and effects of air pollution and job performance of traffic policemen were studied in Hefei.The results showed that in average 1413 cars and trucks per bour passed through the crisscros traffic. The daily mean traffic noise reached 84.6 3dB(A)which was slightly higher than the national standard. The concentrations of total particulates,lead, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides all excecded the national ambient air quality standards of grade Ⅲ.An exposed group of 169 traffic policemen and a control group of 93 non-traffic policemen were examined.The results were summarized as follows:the frequency of symptoms,signs and biochemical data (level of HbCO) in the exposed group were significantly higher than those of controls. The blood-Pb-content and mean threshold of hearing in the exposed group exceeded that of control group,The probability of heering loss in high frequencies in the exposed group was 1.97 times as high as in the controls. Thus, the results suggested that the impacts of health status of traffic policemen were might be related to the air pollution and work conditions.
