沿海油田污染物入海通量及优化管理

Flux of Coastal Oil Field Pollutants Entering the Sea and Optimum Management

胜利油田所在的黄河三角洲诸条河流按入海类型分为三种形式：设有防潮闸的感潮河；设有排涝站的入海河；直流入海的感潮河。按照各河流入海段面、流速、流量和水体污染物浓度，建立起各种感潮河污染物入海通量模式，计算结果说明沿海油田排放的石油类污染物入海通量为1456t／a，COD入海量为5720t／a。根据各条入海河流不同功能和污染物入海量，按照国家地表水质标准，制定出入海河流环境组合目标，用总量控制方法提出污染源削减要求，以保证黄河三角洲沿海滩涂环境质量。并以污染物入海通量、河流径流量、污染物自净系数和污染物削减量等因子建立各条河流优化管理模型，为保护环境提供对策。

Rivers at the Yellow River Delta where the Shengli Oil Field lies are classified into three forms according to the type of entering the sea:the tidal river having tide barrier gate,the river entering the sea having water drain statio and the tidal river directly flowing into the sea,Based on the sections,flow velocity,flow volume of different rivers and the concentration of water body pollutants,various flux models of pollutants from differen tidal rivers entering the sea have been set up and the Calculation results show the flux of oil-like pollutants discharged from the coastal oil field entering the sea is 1456t/a，and the COD flowing into the sea is 5720t/a.According to different functions of various rivers flowing into the sea and the flux of pollutants volume entering thesea and the surface water quality standard in China,the environmental combination goal for rivers running into the sea has been eatablished,by means of gross quantity control,requirements for reducing pollution source have been put forward to ensure the environmenaal quality around the shallow seabeach at the yellow River Delta.Besides,in terms of the different factors regarding flux of pollutants flowing into the sea,river flow,autopurification coefficient of pollutants and reduction quantity of pollutants,optimum management patterns of various rivers have been formulated to offer strategy for environ mental protection.