1950-2017年阆中市疟疾流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Malaria in Langzhong City From 1950 to 2017

目的分析1950-2017年阆中市疟疾疫情资料,为巩固消除疟疾成果提供策略和措施依据。方法收集1950-2017年阆中市疟疾疫情数据、工作报表、预防控制措施等资料,描述分析疟疾流行特点和防控措施。结果 1950-2017年阆中市共报告疟疾8 019例,死亡2例,年均发病率从1950-1959年的125.69/10万下降到2000-2017年的0.11/10万。最后一例内源性病例发生在1981年,外源性输入性病例发生在2011年。2002年开始发病率持续控制在0.05/10万以下,2014年达到消除疟疾标准。全市各乡镇均曾有病例分布,疟疾发病高峰期在夏秋季6-10月,20~59岁年龄组发病较高(62.75%),男女之比为1.35∶1。疟疾自然传播媒介为中华按蚊,疟疾发生和流行的主要虫种是间日疟原虫。结论经过多年防治,阆中市疟疾流行得到有效控制,并实现了消除疟疾目标。今后疟防工作重点要加强流动人口和输入性疟疾的监测管理,同时要做好大众健康教育,动员全民搞好爱国卫生运动。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of malaria in Langzhong City during1950-2017,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy and measures for consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination.Methods The history data of malaria epidemic,working reports,prevention measures and control effects in Langzhong City from 1950 to 2017 were collected,the epidemic characteristics and prevention measures of malaria were descriptively analyzed.Results During 1950 to 2017,a total of 8 019 malaria cases and 2 death cases were reported in Langzhong City.The malaria annual incidence rate declined from 125.69/105 in 1950-1959 to 0.11/105 in 2000-2017.The last case of endogenous cases had been occurred in 1981 and exogenous imported cases had been found in 2011.Since 2002,the annual incidence rates were below 0.05/105.The whole city had achieved the national elimination standard of malaria in 2014.Malaria had cases distributed in every town of Langzhong city.The peak of malaria incidence was from June to October during summer and autumn.About 62.75%cases mainly occurred in20 to 59 years old group.The ratio of men and women was 1.35∶1.The natural vector of malaria was mainly Anopheles sinensis.The main species of malaria occurrence and prevalence was Plasmodium vivax.Conclusion After years of prevention and control,malaria prevalence has been effectively controlled and realized the goal of dispelling malaria.We must strengthen the monitoring management of imported malaria and floating population in the future.Meanwhile,we should develop the public health education,and mobilize people to participate in the patriotic public health campaign.