2004-2017年广西报告的有毒植物中毒事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological Analysis for Reported Case of Poisonous Plant in Guangxi From 2004 to 2017

目的了解广西有毒植物中毒事件的发生规律和特点,为有毒植物中毒的及时预警和防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2004-2017年通过国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统和食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的有毒植物中毒事件进行统计分析。结果 2004-2017年广西共报告有毒植物中毒事件248起,累计报告中毒病例2 384人,死亡80人,病死率3.36%。6月报告事件数最多,占19.35%。南宁、桂林、河池、贺州、梧州是有毒植物中毒的高发地区。毒蕈中毒事件数和死亡数最多,分别占有毒植物中毒事件的45.16%和48.75%;其他引起中毒的食物主要有桐油或桐油果(20.56%,51/248)、钩吻(8.06%,20/248)、四季豆(6.45%,16/248)等。误食误用和加工不当为主要引发因素,分别占90.32%和8.47%;家庭和集体食堂是主要发生场所。结论有毒植物中毒问题突出,加强对高发地区、高发季节、重点人群的科普宣教,提高实验室检测能力,是减少此类中毒发生和死亡的关键。

Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of the poisonous plant in Guangxi,in order to provide scientific basis for early warning,prevention and control.Methods Analysis on the poisonous plant data during 2004 to 2017 which was collected from National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies and National Foodborne Diseases Surveillance Network.Results About 248 incidents of the poisonous plant were reported from 2004 to 2017,which caused 2 384 poisoning cases and 80 deaths,the mortality rate was 3.36%.June was the highest season according to the number of reported case,it was accounted for 19.35%.Nanning,Guilin,Hechi,Hezhou and Wuzhou cities had high incidence of the poisonous plant.The poisonous mushroom caused the largest percentage of outbreaks and deaths,it was accounted for 45.16%and 48.75%respectively.Other poisonous plant poisoning was caused by tung20.56%(51/248),gelsemine 8.06%(20/248)and green bean 6.45%(16/248).Mistaking and food processing improper were the main cause,accounted for 90.32%and 8.47%respectively.The main places of poisonous plant occurred was at home and canteens.Conclusion The situation of poisoning caused by the poisonous plant was serious in Guangxi.The health education on high prevalence area,season and the group of people is one key to reduce the events and deaths caused by the poisonous plant,and to improve the lab detection capability is the key to reduce the poisoning and death..