莫桑比克语言政策的发展变革及特点

Development of Mozambican Language Policy

了解非洲国家语言政策有助于了解这些国家的语言生活、更好地传播汉语。本文主要呈现莫桑比克的语言政策发展历程及其特点。莫桑比克在原宗主国葡萄牙的统治下,实行'独尊葡语'的单一语言政策,独立后虽在表面上采取了多元化的语言政策,但办公部门、教育领域以及公共生活的语言现象显示出葡语优先的语言政策。总体来说莫桑比克的语言政策呈现出语言政策实用化、基础教育普及化、发展趋势多语化、底层实施无序化的特点。

Understanding African countries’language policies helps to understand the language life of these countries and better spread Chinese.This article mainly presents the development of Mozambique’s language policy and its characteristics.Under the rule of the original sovereign country of Portugal,Mozambique carry out Monolingual policy-'exclusive Portuguese language'.After independence,it has adopted a pluralistic language policy.But the language of the office,education,and public life shows the language policy of Portuguese first.In general,Mozambican language policy presents the characteristics of language policy pragmatization,basic education popularization,multilingual development trend,and disordered implementation.