传统中医文化视角下的心理疾病“躯体化”现象

Somatization of Mental Illness Under the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture

在现代西方心理学和精神病学中,躯体化是指以躯体不适来表达心理冲突的一种特殊的心身病痛现象。现实中,由于现代医学检验无法找到病诉的生理病因而假定其源于心理因素,因此其诊断常常依据身心二元论的视角。在传统中医'心身合一'的文化观念下,心与身的疾病从来不是绝对二分的。通过'虚''郁'等意象概念系统,中医学对类似躯体化现象的一系列心身病痛表达了具有直观性、意象性与实践性的独特心身互应解释模式,同时也反映在传统中医对此类疾病的治疗实践中。

In modern western psychology and psychiatry,somatization refers to a special psychosomatic distress phenomenon that expresses psychological conflicts through somatic complaints.In reality,the somatization is often diagnosed from the perspective of mind-body dualism.The somatic complaints are assumed to be derived from psychological factors because modern medical tests cannot determine the physiological etiology.However,under the concept of mind-body combination in traditional Chinese medicine culture,the disease of mind and body has never been absolutely separated.Through imagery concepts like Xu(虚)and Yu(郁),traditional Chinese medicine explains a series of psychosomatic disease similar to somatization through a special explanatory mode of mind-body interactions which is characterized by intuition,imageability and practicality,which is also reflected in the traditional treatments of such diseases.