试析伊利运河对美国早期区域经济的影响

The Influence of the Erie Canal on the Early Regional Economy of the United States

19世纪上半叶,在殖民霸主英国主导的国际经贸体系中美国的主要贸易对象仍是英国。对外贸易是美国经济发展的重要组成部分,而纽约市是美国重要的工农业产品外贸港口城市。伊利运河的开辟突破了阿巴拉契亚山脉的阻隔,从而使纽约及东部工业区的经济辐射到中西部农业区。因此,伊利运河是美国东部工业区的经济纵深进行经济辐射的重要一环。伊利运河的修建不仅使东部区域经济辐射到中西部区域,同时催生了五大湖工业区的雏形。在1851年第一条贯穿阿巴拉契亚山脉的铁路建立之前的26年中,伊利运河一直是沟通美国东西部经济贸易的唯一陆上经济动脉。毫无疑问,在美国早期发展的运河时代,伊利运河在促进东西部区域经济发展的过程中起到重要作用。伊利运河引领时代且使纽约一跃成为美国的经济和金融中心。一条运河改变了纽约的命运,也创造了一个国家的历史。

In the first half of the 19th century,the main trade target of the United States was the United Kingdom,while colonial hegemony UK dominated the British-led international economic and trade system.Foreign trade has taken an important role in the US economic development history,and NewYork City has been an important foreign trade port city for industrial and agricultural products.The opening of the Erie Canal broke through the barriers of the Appalachian Mountains,allowing the economy of NewYork and the eastern industrial zone to radiate to the Midwestern agricultural region.Therefore,the Erie Canal is an important part of the economic radiation of the eastern industrial zone of the United States.The Erie Canal not only radiated the eastern regional economy to the central and western regions,but also laid a solid foundation for the prototype of the Great Lakes Industrial Z one.In the 26 years before the establishment of the first railroad running through the Appalachian Mountains in 1851,the Erie Canal had always been the only land-based economic artery which combined the East and West of the United States.Undoubtedly,in the early canal era of the United States,the Erie Canal played an important role in promoting the economic development of the eastern and western regions.The Erie Canal leads the times and makes NewYork a global economic and financial center.A canal changed the fate of NewYork and created a country’s history.