运载火箭低温推进剂热管理技术及应用进展分析

Analysis of Thermal Management Technology and its Application Progress for Launch Vehicle Cryogenic Propellants

运载火箭低温推进剂与外界环境的传热是造成汽化的主要原因。为长期贮存和使用低温推进剂,必须采用综合的热管理技术。首先介绍国内外提出的被动热防护技术和主动制冷技术。前者的主要目的是降低贮箱与外界环境的热量交换强度;后者是通过对贮箱内的热量进行转移,以实现低温推进剂的无损贮存,但只适合已具有良好被动热防护的贮箱。其次,对国外典型低温推进剂实验应用系统进行分析,并初步提出多功能液氢实验平台方案设想,方案中通过CZ-3A号搭载多功能液氢实验平台用于验证空间环境下低温推进剂的综合应用技术。通过对低温推进剂热管理技术的调研和论证,为我国低温推进剂在空间环境下的长期在轨使用提供技术参考。

The main reason for vaporization is the temperature difference between launch vehicle cryogenic propellants and the external environment.For long-term storage and use of cryogenic propellants,integrated thermal management technology must be applied to them.Firstly,the commonly used passive thermal protection and active cooling technologies are introduced.The purpose of passive thermal protection technology is to reduce heat transfer intensity between the tank and the environment.Active cooling technology is by transferring the heat within the tank to achieve the goal of zero boil-off,but this technology is only suitable for the tank which has a good passive thermal protection.Secondly,this paper analyzes the typical cryogenic propellant system in foreign countries,and puts forward the plan of Multipurpose Hydrogen Test Bed(MHTB),which can be loaded by CZ-3Ato verify the comprehensive application of cryogenic propellants in space environment.This paper investigates and demonstrates cryogenic propellants thermal management technologies which can be used to provide technical guides for long-time used cryogenic propellants in space environment.