国内外先进推进技术发展综述

Progress on the Advanced Propulsion Technologies of Launch Vehicles

航天运输领域发展的核心目标包括提高运载能力、降低发射成本及减少发射准备时间等。相对于传统的化学推进技术,先进推进技术采用新能源或新机理,旨在从根本上满足未来对有效载荷、发射成本和发射周期的要求。对国内外组合动力装置、核聚变动力推进、离子推进、激光推进、核子脉冲推进、太阳帆推进、磁场帆推进、布萨德喷气推进、反物质推进等先进推进技术的研究进展进行综述和可行性分析,并给出了发展启示。

The key objectives of the development of launch vehicles include the increase of carrying capacity,the decrease of launch costs as well as launch preparation time.Compared with the traditional chemical propulsion technology,advanced propulsion adopts new energy resources or new mechanisms in order to meet the future demands of carrying capacity,launch costs and launch preparation time.In this paper,advanced propulsion technologies,including the combined-cycle propulsion,nuclear fusion propulsion,ion propulsion,laser propulsion,nuclear pulse propulsion,solar sail,magnetic sail,jet propulsion and antimatter propulsion,are summarized.Moreover,the application analysis of advanced propulsion technologies and their development insights are given.