安全气囊点爆展开时儿童颈部约束对颅脑损伤的影响

Effects of Neck Restrain on Traumatic Brain Injury of Child Occupant During Airbag Inflation

目的探讨在交通事故中安全气囊点爆展开时儿童颈部约束对颅脑损伤的影响。方法基于已构建并经过有效性验证的3岁儿童头部有限元(finite element, FE)模型,采用FE方法模拟气囊点爆展开对离位(out-of-position, OOP)状态儿童乘员头部的冲击过程,研究颈部约束对交通事故中儿童颅脑响应及其损伤机制的影响。结果颈部约束的头部在受到安全气囊点爆展开的冲击之后,其运动状态与无颈部约束有很大差异,会导致儿童脑组织最大Von Mises应力明显减小,儿童颅脑损伤程度减弱。儿童头部与安全气囊距离为20、25 cm时,有颈部约束的头部脑组织最大颅内压小于没有颈部约束的头部。结论颈部约束对儿童颅脑损伤响应有较大的影响,用FE方法预测儿童颅脑损伤时应考虑颈部约束的影响。

Objective To study the effect of neck restrain on traumatic brain injury during airbag inflation in traffic accidents.Methods Based on the previously validated 3-year-old child head finite element(FE)model,the impact on out-of-position(OOP)child occupant during airbag inflation was simulated by FE method,so as to investigate the effects of neck restraint on intracranial response and injury mechanism in traffic accidents.Results The head kinematics with neck restrain was different from that without neck restrain under the impact of airbag inflation.The neck restraint would obviously decrease the maximum Von Mises stress of pediatric brain.When airbag-head distance was 20 cm or 25 cm,the neck restraint would obviously decrease the maximum intracranial pressure.Conclusions Neck restraint had a relatively large influence on pediatric intracranial response.When the FE method is used to predict pediatric craniocerebral injury,consideration of neck restrain on child brain response is necessary.