微振动在骨髓间充质干细胞成骨向分化中的作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanisms of Vibration in Osteogenesis of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells

微振动是指系统相对平衡位置幅度很小的周期性偏离,而高频率、低振幅的微振动(low-magnitude high-frequency vibration, LMHFV)对骨骼系统细胞的作用力与肌肉运动时对骨骼产生的力学刺激相似。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)作为力学敏感细胞,存在于骨髓基质,具有多向分化潜能。在体外适当机械刺激下,BMSCs增殖、分化等生物学特性发生功能性变化,对力学刺激做出适应性应答。LMHFV可促进BMSCs向成骨细胞分化,探明其机制有助于将微振动应用于骨质疏松、骨折、成骨不全症、肥胖症等疾病的治疗以及正畸牙移动的加速等方面。综述微振动对BMSCs成骨向分化的影响以及可能的作用机制,为研究微振动刺激下BMSCs的力学生物学改变提供思路。

Vibration represents a micro reciprocating motion of a particle or object along a line or arc relative to a reference position,while the effect of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration(LMHFV)on skeletal system cells is similar to the mechanical stimulation of muscle movement.Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),which have been identified as force-sensitive cells,exist in the bone marrows and have the potential of multi-lineage differentiation.Their biological characteristics can change functionally according to the appropriate stimulation in vitro,in order to reach the optimal demand of the stimulation.LMHFV can promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs,therefore,the research on its mechanism can contribute to the application of vibration in the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis,fracture,osteogenesis imperfecta,obesity as well as the promotion of orthodontic tooth movement.This paper summarizes the recent progress about the effects of vibration on BMSCs stem cells in osteogenesis and the possible mechanisms,so as to provide research ideas and methods for studying the mechanical as well as biological changes of BMSCs under vibration stimulation.