甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M14的小孢子发生与雄配子体发育的观察

THE OBSERVATION OF MICROSPOROGENESIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GAMETOPHYTES IN THE MONOSOMIC ADDITION LINES OF APOMICTIC BEET M14

利用常规石蜡制片技术 ,对甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M1 4品系 (BetavulgarisL .)小孢子发生、雄配子体发育进行了研究 .结果表明 :1 .小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型 ,四分孢子为四面体形 .2 .单核小孢子经两次有丝分裂 ,产生营养细胞和两个精子 ,成熟的花粉粒为三细胞型 .单核小孢子第一次有丝分裂后 ,80 %的花粉败育 ,可育花粉只有 2 0 % .3.花药壁由五至六层结构组成 ,表皮 ,药室内壁 ,2至 3层中层 ,绒毡层为分泌型 .4.同一朵花中 ,在前期 ,雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊的发育 ,在后期 ,当花粉成熟时 ,雌配子体也达到成熟 .提供了花蕾的大小与雌、雄蕊发育的相关数据 .

In this paper, we describe the microsporogenesis, the development of male gametophytes in the monosomic addition lines of apomictic beet M14(Beta vulgaris L.) by means of routine paraffin wax slice technology.The results are as follows:1. During the meiosis of microsporocyte,the cytokinesis is simultaneous .The tetrad is tetrahedral.2. Monokaryotic microspore undergoes mitosis twice, producing vegetative cell and two sperms,mature pollen is three-celled type.After the first of monokaryotic microspore,80 percent pollens are sterile and fertile pollens account for only 20 percent.3. The anther wall comprises 5 or 6 layers:the outermost epidermis ,a layer of endothecium,2 or 3 middle layers and a secretory tapetum.4. Early in one flower, the development of stamen is earlier than that of the pistil ;Later when stamen matures , the pistil matures either. We offered the relevant data which correlate the size of bud with the development stage of stamen and pistil.