香港移民在深圳:“双城生活”的现状与问题

Hong Kong Immigrants in Shenzhen—Current Situation and Future Challenges of Life in Twin Cities

本报告结合2010年第六次人口普查和2008年一项住户抽样调查,在住户和个人两个层次上分析了在深圳居住的香港人("居深港人")这个特殊社会群体的基本情况及其"双城生活"面临的种种问题。研究发现,居深港人多为居住在深港边境附近的核心家庭或成员,家庭经济支柱主要是在香港工作的丈夫/父亲,未成年人占1/5,其中不少是在香港上学的"跨境学童";他们的经济社会地位总体优于深圳人,但内部差异较大;就业人口的教育和职业分化直接导致了他们的收入分化,进而导致家庭收入的分化。他们多属深圳的常住人口,但同时也会频繁地往返香港,过着典型的"双城生活"。居深港人及其家庭成员逐渐发展成为一个颇具规模的特殊社会群体。本文建议加强对这个群体的调查,研究解决他们面临的特殊问题,促进两地教育、医疗等公共服务体系的衔接,推进两地经济社会融合和深港都市优质生活圈建设。

This article analyzes the data from the 2010 census and a household survey conducted in 2008 to document the profiles of Hong Kong immigrants in Shenzhen from the perspectives of both households and individual members,and examine the problems they encounter in their twincity work and life.Results show that most of the Hong Kong immigrants live in nuclear families in the areas bordering Hong Kong,with fathers/husbands as the main bread winners in Hong Kong and one-fifth of them under age 15,and many of whom are 'cross-border' children attending schools in Hong Kong.While Hong Kong immigrants generally enjoy higher socioeconomic status over Shenzhen regular residents,internal heterogeneity of the group can also be observed,mainly due to the differences in their educational and occupational attainment,leading to disparities in household income.While these immigrants have settled down with their families in Shenzhen as permanent residents,they often travel back to Hong Kong for various reasons,thus leading a 'twin-city' life between Shenzhen and Hong Kong.The article calls for close attention to this sizable group to learn about the problems they encounter and challenges they face,in hope to find policy solutions to better coordinate education,medical and other public services between the two cities,to facilitate the economic and social integration and to build the Hong Kong-Shenzhen high-quality metropolitan life.