关于香港基本法附件三所列全国性法律的若干思考

Analyses on the National Laws Listed in the Annex Ⅲ of the Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

作为国家法律中比较少见的文本体例,《香港基本法》以附件的形式列明了须在特别行政区实施的全国性法律。本文围绕基本法附件三,从梳理其中所列全国性法律及其在港实施的基本情况入手,分析了附件三法律的实施特点、实施主体和实施方式,并着重论述了全国性法律和特别行政区当地法律的效力关系。其中有些研究结论是事实性的,体现在附件三所列全国性法律中有1/4尚未在特区实施;有些是规范性的,包括附件三所列法律的默认实施主体应归于特区,而默认的实施方式应理解为在特区公布实施;聚焦于全国性法律和特别行政区当地法律二者关系的论述则更加集中体现了《香港基本法》的复杂性和"一国两制"法律上的丰富性。

To itemise national laws which are compulsory on a local level, the Basic Law of Hong Kong adopts a rare style as attaching them in an appendix'-Annex III'. Based on a mapping of these laws, the article analyses the traits, subjects and methods of their enforcement in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, with a focus on the validity relationship between national and local laws.On an empirical level, the article reveals that a quarter of the laws listed in'Annex III'have not yet been implemented in Hong Kong. On a normative level, as the article suggests, the perceived subject of enforcing the laws listed in'Annex III'ought to be the local administration; and they ought to be perceived as being enforced by way of promulgation. Particularly, the analysis focusing on the relationship between national and local laws precisely mirrors the complexity of the Basic Law of Hong Kong as well as the richness of the'One Country, Two Systems'principle in terms of legislation. The concerns and analyses here in the article are open to further discussions on both academic and practical levels.