中央对特别行政区直接行使的权力的分类研究

Research on Classification of the Powers Directly Exercised by the Central Authorities on Special Administrative Regions

根据我国宪法和港澳基本法的规范及其实施过程中形成的宪制惯例,中央对香港和澳门特别行政区具有直接行使的权力,这主要包括中央对香港和澳门特别行政区法定的特区设置权和实行制度的决定权、基本法的制定修改和解释权、对特区高度自治的授予权和监督权、对港澳的具主权性的地域管辖和居民管理权、与港澳有关的防务和外交权、重要人事任免权、特区与国内其他地区关系的协调权和特区进入紧急状态的处置权等十个方面的内容。对此加强梳理和研究,必定能不仅完全明晓国家治理特区的法定职权,而且能将国家管治特区的制度规范和行为方式进一步常态化、法治化,从而为"一国两制"方针下中央和特区关系的日益和谐顺畅、为其进一步的完善和发展作出贡献。

According to the norms and regulations in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong and Macao Basic Laws, along with the precedent created by their enforcement, this essay classifies the powers directly exercised by the central authorities on the special administrative regions into 10 aspects and researches respectively, including powers to decide on the establishment of the special administrative regions(SARs) and the systems to be instituted there, powers for formulation,revision and interpretation of the Basic Laws, powers to authorise and supervise the high degree of autonomy, powers on jurisdiction in personam and in dominio over Hong Kong and Macao, powers to be responsible for defense and foreign affairs relating to Hong Kong and Macao, powers to appoint and remove high ranking officials, powers to coordinate the relations between the SARs and other domestic districts and deal with the state of emergency in the SARs. Meanwhile, it is set forth the academic value and reality significance as well.