粤港澳大湾区要素自由流通的制约及改善——以粤港口岸通关为例

Restriction and Improvement of the Factor Flow in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:A Case Study of Ports Clearance between Guangdong and Hong Kong

"一国两制"决定了粤港澳大湾区难以实现要素自由流通,且要素流通管制目前具有一定合理性。而从湾区演进发展规律看,要素自由流通是打造世界一流湾区的重要基础和条件。要素流通管制的必要性和要素自由流通的重要性,构成政策张力,这是粤港澳大湾区建设需要面对的问题和挑战。粤港口岸通关客流和车流的特点、现状和问题,一定程度上反映出粤港乃至粤港澳大湾区要素流通的状态和水平。更为重要的是,要素流通水平既是分析粤港澳大湾区市场、消费、经济产业一体化程度的标尺,也在一定程度上决定着粤港澳大湾区的建设进程和所能达到的高度。就区域协同发展和粤港澳大湾区建设而言,要素流通的改善没有最好,只有更好,永无止境。

The principle of"One Country, Two Systems"determines that it is hard to achieve free circulation of factors in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and it is justifiable to exercise control upon factor flow. Judging by the law of the bay area evolution, free circulation of factors is fundamental to building a world-class bay area. The necessity to control the factor flow and the importance to achieve free factor flow lead to tension between policies, which is a challenge facing the developmentof the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The passenger flow and the traffic flow between Guangdong and Hong Kong to some extent reflect the status or the level of the factor flow between the two sides and in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. More importantly, the factor flow is a yardstick to analyze how far the Greater Bay Area has gone in achieving integrated development of markets, consumption and economic industries, and to some extent determines the process and the height of the Greater Bay Area development. For the regional coordinated development and the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the improvement of factor flow knows no end.