全国地表饮用水源水质状况及时空分布特征

Water Quality and Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Surface Drinking Water Sources in China

通过近8年的水质监测和调查数据,分析了全国十大流域地表饮用水源的水质及时空分布特征,研究了流域水质和地表饮用水源水质的相关关系.结果表明,全国地表饮用水源水质为清洁和较清洁型,整体好于其所在流域水质,满足饮用功能.河流型水源综合污染指数在0.14—0.27,与所在流域水质密切相关,主要受生活类污染影响;湖库型水源综合污染指数在0.14—0.29,与所在流域水质相关性较弱,以有机类污染影响为主;地表水源水质的流域分布特征明显.地表饮用水源近年来有机类污染程度有加剧趋势,应重点控制有机类污染.

Based on nearly eight years of water quality monitoring and survey data,we analyzed water quality and the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of surface drinking water sources of nationwide ten watershed and study the relationship between the surface drinking water quality and water quality of the watershed. The result shows that,the surface drinking water quality reaches the standard of clean or relatively clean,which is better than the corresponding watersheds. The comprehensive pollution index of river drinking water source ranges from 0. 14 to 0. 27 in different river basins,indicating pollution is mainly come from domestic pollution. While,the comprehensive pollution index of lake-reservoirs drinking water source ranges from 0. 14 to 0. 29,suggesting pollution mainly come from organic pollution and weakly relationship with the watershed. In recent years,the contamination of surface drinking water sources with organic and metal present acute trend,more measures should be taken to reduce organic and metal contamination.