任指词的量化义的推导

How to Derive the Quantificational Meanings from Free Choice Items?

文章从关联论的角度阐释任指词在语境中量化义的推导过程,廓清各种理论谬误。有的研究者(如Ladusaw 1979;Linebarger1987;Dayal 1998,2004)把any分为PS any和FC any,前者表存在量化义,后者表全称量化义;有的研究者(如Kadmon&Landman1993;Krifka 1995;Chierchia 2013)把PS any和FC any视为同一个词语,认为两者都表存在量化义。文章认为任指词本身只表任选义,不表量化义,它的量化义是一种语境含义,允准语和句法结构仅能部分地引导量化义的推导,起决定作用的是最佳相关的语境假设。

This paper proposes a RT analysis of the quantificational meanings of free choice items.Some researchers,such as Ladusaw(1979),Linebarger(1980),Dayal(1998),claim that there are two different anys in English,PS any with existential quantificational meaning,and FC any with universal quantificational meaning.However,other researchers,such as Kadmon&Landman(1993),Krifka(1995),Chierchia(2013),claim that there is just one any with two different uses,and that both PS any and FC any express the same existential quantificational meaning.We give a critical review of these proposals and further argue that the encoded meaning of the free choice item per se is random choice instead of quantification,the derivation of the quantificational meanings and particular implicatures are merely indicated by the licensors and syntactic structures,and more importantly influenced by the optimal contextual assumptions.