概念结构驱动的现代汉语半叙实动词研究

A Conception-driven Study on Semi-factive Verbs in Mandarin

文章旨在说明概念结构如何制约动词的叙实性。与“知道”那样典型的叙实动词相比,半叙实动词的叙实性并不稳定,其肯定形式具有叙实功能,否定形式具有非叙实功能,在有些条件下,它向叙实动词漂移,在有些条件下,它又向非叙实动词漂移。文章选取了降级操作、受副词修饰及非现实语气等多个层面、不同种类的语法环境去测试半叙实动词的叙实性,以此展示它们对这类动词叙实性的影响。又在叙实性跟传信范畴之间建立了关联,并得出了这类动词的叙实功能等级和现代汉语动词叙实功能的总等级。

Compared with the typical factive verb,the factive function of semifactive verb is not so stable.Only the affirmative form semi-factive verbs but not their negative form can express factivity.Semantically,Semi-factive verbs pattern like factive verbs in some conditions,and resembles non-factive verbs in other enviroments.In this paper,we explore the factivity of semi-factive vebrs in different types of syntactic environments.We establish the relation between the factivity and the evidentiality,and generate a hierarchy of the factive function of Mandarin semi-factive verbs and also a hierarchy of factivity of all verbs in Mandarin.This paper is intended to illustrate how the conceptual structure of verbs is restricted by the properly of factivity,and also to explain how the grammar tical environments in turn affect the conceptual structure of verbs.