基于多维特征聚类和关联的语气研究——以北京话语气成分“啊”为例

The Study of Mood Based on Multidimensional Clustering and Relationship Mining——A Case Study on “啊/a/” in Beijing dialect for example

语气是分层多维系统,语气成分的多功能模糊性如一团“量子云”,在具体语境的分层多维特征作用下“收敛”到某一功能,多功能间有着家族相似性的关联。文章通过对真实文本语料进行多维特征的梳理,运用聚类和关联挖掘算法研究了北京话语气成分“啊”的复杂功能:起源典型叹词,在态度和情绪层表示强意外(反预期+强情绪),和命题意义结合后从说者指向反预期到听者指向反预期;主要是以强意外到强语力的“感叹语气词”;少数在正面/中性情感环境中反预期性逐步消失,语力趋向中性;功能层次“高”导致其句法层次“高”,容易脱离句子独立插入语篇,在北京话中成为“过于常用”的插入语,转向纯粹人际语篇功能,语力大为磨损;最后语力磨损到成为可有可无的习语成分。

Mood is a hierarchical system of multiple features.The multi-functions of a mood element is a "quantum cloud"which covers a certain point given a certain context.There is a family resemblance between them.Using a corpus annotated with multi-features annotations,we study the multi-functions of the "啊/a/" in the Beijing dialect by clustering and relationship mining algorithms.According to the study,the morpheme oriented from an element of exclamation which expressed strong mirativity(counter-expectation + strong emotion).It was then changed from a marker of speaker-oriented counter-expectation to the heareroriented counter-expectation one when combined with a proposition.The main function of the "啊/a/"is an interjection displaying a strong force.Occasionally the counter-expectation and the force dribbled away when the affections of the speaker is positive or neutral.The high hierarchy of function led to the high hierarchy of syntax and our study predicts that "啊/a/"would be transformed to a parenthesis which conveys the interpersonal-function and connect-function with a weakened force in the discourse.Finally the force would wear off and the"啊/a/"would become something which is neutral and dispensable.