句法歧义与主观大量构式的形成

Syntactic Ambiguity and Formation of Subjective Mass Structure

文章主要讨论三类表达主观大量义的句法歧义结构:'VP了+NumP+的+NP'结构(以下简称'的'式),'VP了+有+NumP+NP'结构(以下简称'有'式),'VP了+他+NumP+NP'结构(以下简称'他'式)。文章首先确认三类主观大量构式都来源于'VP了+Num P++NP'结构(原式),且三者都是歧义结构,造成歧义的原因各不相同,但都是在客观构式向主观构式的过渡过程中产生的。'的'式、'有'式、'他'式在客观构式义'完成一定量的动作'基础上增加了表达'言者主语'对'量'的评价义功能。语用意义是语言的主观意义,语用成分有时具有调节、标记信息结构和使句子完备的作用。与客观表达式相比,'的''有''他'都是'言者中心'的标记主观大量的附着成分,这与'言者主语'对现实世界的认知密切相关。'的''有''他'是言者向听者发出的语义协商的信号词,从句法-语义功能到被指派凸显主观大量功能的过程就是语用信息句法化的过程。随着'的''有''他'的附缀化,'的'式、'有'式、'他'式的语用功能也发生变化,从而使其重新获得独立的表达主观大量的新构式的句法地位。

This paper mainly discusses three kinds of special quantity object sentences:VPle+NumP+的+NP'(Abbreviated structure‘de’),'VPle+you+Num P+NP'(Abbreviated structure‘you’)and'VPle+ta+Num P+NP'(Abbreviated structure‘ta’).We first confirm that the three types of subjective mass structures are derived from the'VP+Num P++NP'structure and the three are all ambiguous structures.The causes of ambiguity are different,but they are all prepared for the objective structure to the subjective structure.The structure'de',structure'you'and structure'ta'increase the expression function of'speaker subject'to'quantity'on the basis of objective constructions,meaning'completing a certain amount of actions'.To a certain extent,Pragmatic meaning is the subjective meaning of language,and the pragmatic components have the function of adjusting,marking information structure and making the sentence complete.This is closely related to the cognition of the'speaker subject'to the real world.With the affixing of'de','you'and'ta',the pragmatic functions of'de','you'and'ta'have also changed,so that they can regain their independence and assisting in the expression of subjectivity.