认知语法视角下的论元交替机制研究:以汉语两类保留宾语句为例

A Cognitive Grammar Perspective on Argument Alternation: The Case of Two Retained-object Constructions in Mandarin Chinese

现代汉语'把'字句和'被'字句的一个特殊变体是动词后面带所谓的保留宾语。张庆文、邓思颖(2011)以'把'字句为例,根据内外宾语是否具有领属关系,将保留宾语句分为两类,前者如'我把橘子剥了皮',后者如'我把水浇了花'。二位学者从生成语法的角度认为,两种保留宾语句在句法上对应于两种不同的施用结构(applicative),二者在句法表现、语义限制方面的差异也是由这两种施用结构造成的。然而,文章在认知语法理论的框架下,借助语法象征性的概念,认为:(1)设置抽象的句法范畴并无必要,不管是哪个成分做'把'字宾语,都是聚焦凸显的产物;(2)两种保留宾语句的各种差异取决于聚焦凸显的概念观照方式与事件概念内容之间的互动。文章的研究可以为汉语的论元交替现象提供一个新的视角。

A special variant of ba and bei constructions in Mandarin Chinese is one where the verb takes a retained object.Zhang&Tang(2011),focusing only on the ba construction,classified the retained-object constructions into two general types in accordance with whether there exists a possessive relation between the inner and outer objects,as exemplified by the contrast between sentences like wo ba juzi bo-le pi(我把橘子剥了皮)and wo ba shui jiao-le hua(我把水浇了花).They argue,from the perspective of generative grammar,that these two subconstructions correspond syntactically with two different kinds of applicative structures,hence their differences in syntactic behavior and semantic restriction.However,within the framework of cognitive grammar,employing the notion of symbolic nature of language,this paper argues that depositing abstract syntactic categories is totally unnecessary.No matter which element serves as the ba object,it is the result of selecting some entity as the focus of attention.What’s more,the differences between the two sub-constructions derive from the interaction between focusing as a way of construing events and the concept content encoded by the relevant event.This paper provides a new perspective for the phenomenon of argument alternation in Mandarin Chinese.