從《左傳》中的“P(V/A)+之”看先秦漢語的述賓關係

The Verb-Object Relationship in VP in Pre-Qin Chinese:Examined from the Structure‘V/A+zhi’in the Zuo Commentary

先秦漢語的述賓關係非常複雜,除了'使動''意動'外,研究者還提出了'爲動''對動'等近20種名目。本文對《左傳》中的'P(V/A)+之'做了全面的考察和分析,認爲'使動''意動'和'爲動''對動'等有根本的區别,'爲動''意動'等實際上不是動詞有不同性質,而只是賓語有各種不同的語義格。文章還提出了'先秦漢語主要用無標記形式表達述語和賓語之間的不同的語義關係'的看法。

In Pre-Qin Chinese,the grammatical relations between verb and object in VP are very complex.Nearly 20terms,not only besides the usual‘shi-verb’(accusative verb)and‘yi-verb’(putative verb),but also including some uncommon designations such as‘wei-verb’(‘verb for NP’)and‘dui-verb’(‘verb to NP’),have been proposed to describe the various relations.By a comprehensive study on the structure‘V/A+zhi(a third person pronoun)’in the Zuo Commentary,the paper argues that‘shi-verb’(accusative verb)and‘yi-verb’(putative verb)have essential difference from‘wei-verb’(‘verb for NP’),‘dui-verb’(‘verb to NP’),etc.Actually the latter is not new verb with different nature,but the same verb with different semantic cases.We conclude that in Pre-Qin Chinese the various relations between verb and object in VP are expressed mainly by unmarked forms.