先秦漢語中的領主屬賓句——兼論“王冕死了父親”的歷史來源

Possessor-subject and Possessum-object Construction in Ancient Chinese

領主屬賓句先秦業已出現。該句式是語用和認知雙重因素促動的産物,其形成經歷了兩個過程,一是在由深層結構實現爲表層句法形式時,選擇了顯性非賓格結構作爲基礎形式;二是爲了使屬語成爲句子焦點,派生爲與存在句同構的領主屬賓句,其中的領有語移位成爲話題,該話題的性質屬於框架設置話題,因此,該結構的形成還與漢語是話題優先型語言相關。

Possessor-subject and possessum-object construction emerges in Ancient Chinese.This construction is motivated by pragmatics and cognitive factors.Its generation experienced two processes,the first one is it chooses the surface unaccusative construction as basis formation when surface syntactic form is realized by the deep structure.The second is derived to be the isomorphism of existential sentence.During the latter process the possessor noun is shifted as topic of the sentence to make the possessum noun be focus and the character of this sort topic is framer-setting topic,so this construction is related with that Chinese is topicprominent language.