“趁錢”南北詞義考——由偏指引起的詞義演變

The Research on the Word Meaning of Chenqian‘趁錢’in North and South Dialects:the Word Meaning Change Caused by Partial Reference

'趁錢'在現代漢語方言中詞義南北兩分:北方的意思是'有錢','趁'爲'擁有'和'富有'義;南方'趁錢'的意思是'掙錢、賺錢','趁'爲'掙、賺(錢)'義。文中指出:'趁錢'偏指'能掙到錢'是該詞詞義演變的關鍵,基於能掙到錢就是有錢的聯想,遂使'趁錢'産生'有錢'義,'趁'對應産生出'擁有'和'富有'義。本文通過個案歷史考察,論證語義正向偏指是漢語某類詞義演變的特殊機制。文中還介紹了《現代漢語詞典》各版對'趁、趁錢'條目的處理或修訂,認爲有的詞典把'稱錢'作爲推薦詞形恐非所宜。

There are differences between the north dialects and the south dialects on the word meaning of Chenqian‘趁錢’.In the north dialects,the meaning of Chenqian‘趁錢’is to have money,and Chen‘趁’means to have and to be rich,while in the south dialects,the meaning of Chenqian‘趁錢’is to earn money,and Chen‘趁’means to earn.This paper points out that the key point of the word meaning change of this word is that Chenqian‘趁錢’partially refers to having the ability to earn money.By associating having the ability to earn money with being rich,Chenqian‘趁錢’originated the meaning to be rich,and relatively Chen‘趁’began to have the meaning to have and to be rich.This paper demonstrates that positive partial reference is the special mechanism of the meaning change of some kind of Chinese words through a historical perspective case study.Besides,in this paper we introduce the treatment and revision of the items Chen‘趁’and Chenqian‘趁錢’in every version of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian.We claim that it might not be appropriate to treat Chenqian‘趁錢’as a recommended word form in some dictionaries.