元明方俗語詞瑣記——以《老乞大》爲中心

Notes on Dialect and Colloquial Words in Lao Qi Da

以《老乞大》爲代表的元明時期漢語教科書,反映了近代漢語阶段口語詞彙的發展變化,是漢語史研究中不可多得的寶貴資料。兹以歇涼、間壁、做客、肚兒、雙腸5組雙音蔇詞語爲例,對其産生、發展以及在現代漢語普通話和方言中的沿用流變酌做考察,勾勒其嬗變之軌迹。

The spoken Chinese textbooks in Yuan and Ming Dynasty represented by Lao Qi Da(老乞大)reveal the development of oral vocabulary in pre-modern Chinese.These textbooks are the most precious materials in the study of the history of Chinese language.This paper focus on 5groups of disyllable in Lao Qi Da:‘Xieliang(歇凉)’,‘Jianbi(間壁)’,‘Zuoke(做客)’,‘Du’er(肚兒)’,‘Shuangchang(雙腸)’,and chart their evolution by investigating their origination and development in history,and their evolution situation in Mandarin and local dialects.